Program Agenda

Seminar #1
Fundamentals of Grounding
(one day seminar)

Grounding

• Power System Review
• Three Phase Wye & Systems
• Phasors and Rotation
• Purposes Of Grounding / Safety
• How To Obtain A Good Ground
• Step & Touch Potentials
• Stray Voltage
• Bonding & Neutrals
• Open Neutrals
  

• Isolated Grounds
• Neutral Shift
• Solidly Grounded Systems
• Effectively Grounded Systems
• Resistance Grounding
• Reactance Grounding
• Faults On Ungrounded Systems
• Grounding Computer Rooms
• Signal Reference Grids
  

• Definition Of Harmonics
• Measuring True RMS Values
• Fourier Analysis
• The Harmonic Spectrum
• Behavior & Effects Of Harmonics
• Triplen (3rd Order) Harmonics
• Linear & Non Linear Loads
• Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)

• Power System Impedance
• Series & Parallel Resonance
• Telephone Influence Factor
• Voltage Notching
• Mitigating Harmonics
• Oversizing Neutrals
• Isolation Transformers
• K Factor / Delta Windings
• Harmonic Filters
• Power Factor Considerations
  

• The Role Of Dielectrics
• BIL (Basic Insulation Level)
• Origination Of Surges & Lightning
• Traveling Wave Theory
• Silicon Carbide Arresters
• MOV Arresters
• Construction / Operation Of MOV
• Specifications & Terminology
• Discharge Vs. Clamping Voltage
  

• Margins Of Protection
• Arrester Response Time
• Energy Dissipation
• Application Of Surge Protection
• The Seven Modes Of Protection
• Keeping Lead Lengths Short
• Where To Locate Arresters
  

• Fault Characteristics & Types
• Asymmetrical Current
• Arc Technology & Interruption
• Equipment Ratings
• Momentary & Interrupting
• Overcurrent Protection Objectives
• Short Circuit Studies
• Fault Calculation Process
• Fusing Principles
• Basics Of Coordination
  

• Time Current Curves
• Zones Of Protection
• Application Of Breakers
• Relaying (Ø & Grd.)
• Impulse Time
• Reset Time
• Instantaneous Settings
• Ground Fault Protection
• Current Limiting Fusing
• Series Rating